1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Officer Milton Spell

Fallen Hero

Officer Milton Spell

CLICK HERE FOR AUDIO

On the night of August 15, 1974, in the 1600 block of North Bradford Street just before 9:30 p.m., Officer Milton Spell parked his car to begin foot patrol.

Officer Spell’s attention was drawn to a vehicle that was weaving side to side, traveling in the same block. Feeling that the driver may be intoxicated, he notified the dispatcher that he was attempting to stop the vehicle to investigate the driver. Following normal procedures, he requested a backup unit and continued to approach the vehicle.

Moments before the backup unit arrived, while Officer Spell was speaking to the driver, shots rang out from inside the suspect’s vehicle, striking Officer Spell. Officer Spell fell to the street with chest and abdomen wounds. The suspect and a companion fled the scene.

Officer Louis W. Michelberger was a little more than a block away when he heard the shots fired. He arrived to find more than 200 people standing near the fallen officer. Officer Michelberger attempted to save Officer Spell’s life using CPR. Officer Spell was transported to Johns Hopkins Hospital where he died, undergoing emergency treatment.

Officer Spell was a member of the Baltimore Police Department since 1967. He was 27 years old at the time of his death.

 

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Slaying Suspect Arrested

Aug 17, 1974 


The Sun (1837-1987); pg. B1

Slaying Suspect Arrested
Man – 32 – Held In Killing City Policeman
Police arrested a 32-year-old West Baltimore man yesterday for the slaying of the police officer who was shot while on duty Thursday night. Avon Mason Simmons, of the 1700 block of Mosher Street, was charged with homicide in the arrest warrant and taken into custody by two plainclothes officers without incident at 2:24 PM yesterday at Calhoun and Lafayette streets.

Also charged last night was Josepha Marie Herring, 26, of the 2100 block of Park Avenue, who police allege jumped into the assailant’s car after the shooting. She was charged with being an accessory after the fact.

The slain officer, Milton Spell, of the Eastern District, had been on routine patrol at 9:30 PM in his police cruiser when he pulled up behind a parked car he believed had been operated by a drunk driver in the 1600 block of N. Bradford Street. Police said Officer Spell asked the driver for his license and registration and was shot once in the chest and once in the abdomen by the occupant of the car. The driver then drove away. Officer Spell died minutes later on the emergency room operating table at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Police said the officer’s gun was still in its holster when a backup policeman rushed to his aid.

The car, which had been stolen a short time before the shooting, according to police, was recovered late Thursday night. Police did not disclose a motive for the slaying of the officer. There was another man with Mr. Simmons at the time of his arrest, according to police. He was being questioned last night by homicide detectives but had not been charged with a crime.

“I didn’t think too much of him wanting to be a policeman,” said Richard Spell, the dead officer’s father. “I knew somebody had to do it, and yes, I thought that someday something like this would happen,” added Mr. Spell, a 54-year-old assembler at General Motors. The officer lived with his father and three-year-old son, Milton S. Spell, in the 1800 block of W. Lanvale Street. 

3 Tours in Vietnam

According to his mother, Claudia Spell, 44, of the 800 block of George Street, Officer Spell enlisted in the Army at 17 and served three tours in Vietnam in a special forces engineering detachment.

Family members said he was studying the violin and eventually wanted to pursue a career in music. “No mother really has a craving for her son to join the police force, but he wanted to do it and there was no way I could change his mind,” Mrs. Spell said yesterday. “I was always afraid that something might happen. But he’d say, ‘Mom, stop worrying about me, I’ll be all right.’” She added that he used to play his violin for her and in church.

Neighbors said he was helpful as a child and would run errands for persons unable to do so themselves. His estranged wife, Carol, 26, lived with their two daughters, Tonya, three, and Michelle, six, in Platteville, Alabama. They were due to arrive in Baltimore last night. His mother said, “He said to me last week, ‘Whenever I achieve what I want to, I’m going to have you right here with me.'"


Pomerleau Asks Study of Bullet Proof Vests

Donald D. Pomerleau, the police Commissioner, yesterday ordered a study of the feasibility of providing officers with lightweight, synthetic, bulletproof vests.

The action came in the wake of the shooting death of Officer Milton Spell, who was felled by a bullet in the heart. The other two city officers slain this year – Sgt. Frank W. Grunder, Jr. and Officer Frank Whitby – also died from chest wounds.

A police spokesman said the Commissioner had been looking at the possibility of bulletproof vests for some time, and yesterday ordered the planning and research division to make a “comprehensive study” of the cost and feasibility of such a program.


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City to Get Bullet-Proof Police Vests

Jun 5, 1975

RICHARD BEN CRAMER
The Sun (1837-1987); pg. C1

The city government authorized a $288,379 expenditure yesterday for more than 3,000 bulletproof vests for Baltimore’s police officers. The unanimous vote by the Board of Estimates, approving a $250,000 federal grant and adding more than $20,000 in city funds, marked the final step in the campaign begun by Donald D. Pomerleau, the police commissioner, after four policemen were fatally shot last year. All of Baltimore’s officers will be issued the nylon-substance flexible vests and covering garments. Experts employed by the International Association of Chiefs of Police reportedly consider the type of armor sought for Baltimore’s police the best protection available.

The vests, about 1 ¼ inches thick and weighing about 1 ¼ pounds each, are designed to protect an officer’s heart, chest, stomach, and kidney areas. Tests showed that the 12 layers of nylon substance, called Kevlar, can stop a .38-caliber slug fired at point-blank range toward an officer’s body. The major innovation of the Kevlar vest, according to Police Department experts, is the diffusion of the shock caused by the impact of the bullet. Other types of body armor, they say, will stop the bullet but will not diminish the shock from its collision with a body. The Kevlar vest is designed to spread the shock laterally so that bullet impact is less likely to cause internal injuries.

C. Edward Hawkins, chief of the Protective Engineering Group at the Edgewood Arsenal, told reporters earlier this year that a full-grown man wielding a sharp knife could not cut through all 12 layers of Kevlar which make up the vest. Kevlar yarn is twice as strong as steel wire of the same weight. City officials said yesterday they expect the vests to be ready for police use later this year. Only one other city, San Francisco, has its Police Department fully outfitted with the bulletproof armor.

Mr. Pomerleau accelerated the department study of body armor last August, after Milton I. Spell became the third policeman to die of gunshot wounds in 1974. A fourth policeman, Martin J. Greiner, 25, died in December of two gunshot wounds in the abdomen.

In other Board of Estimates action yesterday, the ARA Food Services Corporation lost a million-dollar contract to provide summer lunches for impoverished Baltimore children. The board awarded the contract to Marlin’s, Inc., the food service which runs Martin’s West and other banquet halls. The Marlin’s firm, which submitted an original bid $80,000 higher than ARA’s for the 1.5 million box lunches this summer, successfully argued that the exceptions ARA made in its proposal violated the city’s specifications.

After more than an hour of convoluted argument at the close of yesterday’s session, the five members of the board voted unanimously to take the contract away from ARA despite its lower bid. The two problems with ARA’s bid cited were the lack of a minority contractor to participate in the venture and a clause which would have allowed ARA to pull out of the contract unilaterally with no recourse for the city. Both the ARA and Marlin’s bids were below the subsidy level offered by the federal government. Mayor Schaefer praised both contractors, claiming that both performed excellently on previous contracts. His difficulty in choosing between them exceeded his impatience at the international hearings on the subject. “This food program,” he remarked, “is becoming distasteful.”

 

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Court upholds conviction in '74 police slaying

Aug 25, 1976

ROBERT P WADE
The Sun (1837-1987); pg. D3

Court upholds conviction in '74 police slaying

Annapolis - The conviction of a 31-year-old Baltimore man for the 1974 slaying of city police Officer Milton Spell was upheld yesterday by the state Court of Special Appeals. A three-judge panel also affirmed convictions against Hardy Herring for armed robbery and illegal use of a handgun.

The court’s decision, contained in a six-page opinion, leaves intact a life prison sentence plus 25 years for the armed robbery and gun charges imposed by Judge James A. Wise of the Caroline County Circuit Court. The case was transferred there from Baltimore City Criminal Court.

Herring is now an inmate of the Maryland. Penitentiary

Officer Spell was shot to death on August 15, 1974, during a routine check for “a possible DWI,” as he told police communications over his walkie-talkie just moments before being murdered. A “DWI” is a drunk driver.

The 28-year-old officer had been playing with a group of neighborhood children just before walking over to the car Herring was driving. The officer was shot twice and fell to the ground without pulling his revolver from his holster.

Herring was convicted of first-degree murder and of stealing the car, some cash, and a Masons ring. He agreed to talk only after being given assurances he would not be incarcerated at the City Jail, fearing reprisals for activities as a police informer. However, Howard Gersh, an assistant state’s attorney, told the trial court that his decision not to lock the man in the jail had nothing to do with Herring’s willingness to talk, but was based instead on a belief that Herring’s fears may have been well-founded.

The court rejected that line of reasoning, as well as an argument by Mr. Buchman that Herring’s act could not have been willful or premeditated because Herring was drunk.

 

DeviderMore details

Name Description
End of Watch       15 August, 1974
City, St. Baltimore, Md
Panel Number 17-E: 2
Cause of Death        Gunfire
District Worked Eastern

 

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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