1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Detective John S. Pontier

Fallen HeroDeath Of Detective Pontier

3 July 1899

The Well-Known Officer A Victim Of Blood Poisoning

Detective John S. Pontier, one of the best-known members of the police force, died at 11:25 o’clock last night at his home, 1426 North Bond St. Death was attributed to blood poisoning, caused by injudicious cutting of a corn in early May 1899. His system at the time had been weakened by overexertion during the three weeks previous to the election in which his work schedule left him little time to recuperate from the surgery. For several days before his death, it was challenging for him to take on necessary nourishment. He was attended to by Dr. Martin F. J. Cameron, 425 N. Broadway.

Detective Pontier was born in Baltimore June 4, 1826. After receiving a rudimentary education in the public schools and at St. Patrick’s and St. Vincent’s parochial schools, he learned that the carpenter’s trade. Later in his life, he became a clerk for the firm of Pontier and Haslett, Fruit Dealers. N. Howard St., of which his brother was a senior member. He remained there for a few years until he was Appointed to a position in the Sheriff’s Office by Sheriff Creamer, that position he held until 1862. Five years later he was Appointed to the Detective Squad.

As he was well acquainted with the Officers of the Adam’s and other express companies, he was assigned to any case in which these corporations were interested. One of his early pieces of work was the investigation of the robbery by express messenger number II. Clay Potts, who stole $60,000 in money and papers from the Southern Express Company in 1867. Potts was arrested by a fellow employee and taken to mobile Alabama by Detective Pontier.

On 11 August 1867 Detective Pontier was sent to capture John Dixon, a young man who had killed his sweetheart, a respectable young lady, employed by judge Campbell, on W. Franklin St., near Park Avenue. He found the murderer asleep in the house on Rock Street. Dixon was sentenced to 18 years in the City Penitentiary. Detective Pontier also arrested Hollohan and Nicholson, the murderers of Mrs. John Lampley, the night of to January 1873. He was in the company of Marshal Frey when they arrested John Thomas, who attempted to rob Mrs. Cariotta Sarraco, the wife of an Italian music teacher, on the night of 24 April 1871, and meeting opposition from her part slashed her horribly with a razor. Thomas was sentenced to 21 years in the City’s Penitentiary. During his trial Mrs. Sarraco fell from the stone steps of the courthouse, fracturing her skull and causing her death.

In the summer of 1876, Detective Pontier arrested a man for whom all the police in the world had been on the lookout for, for months. This was Louis Diebel, who, while Mayor of the little city of Kadowitz, in Polish Prussia, disappeared with $15,000 of the funds entrusted to his care. The German police offered a $1000 reward for his arrest and distributed flyers all over the world with Louis Diebel’s portrait and description written in all languages. One of the Flyers fell into the hands of Detective Pontier, and he made inquiries among Germans in the city. It happened that one of his German friends did know of a man who answered to the description of Louis Diebel, and after hunting him down Detective Pontier found it to be Mr. Diebel, who was living in a small hotel room opposite Camden Station. He was arrested, and nearly $13,000 was recovered from his person. He was then extradited back to Germany, and Detective Pontier was awarded the $1000 reward that had been offered for the location and arrest of Louis Diebel.

In checking Sun paper news articles, it seems not much time passed without articles covering the cases involving Detective Pontier. In particular, he was kept busy during the Baltimore Elections; Election time in Baltimore during those days was quite hectic literally working Detective Pontier to death. Had he not been overworked to the point of excursion, he may not have died at such a young age.  In fact looking back even being as sick as he was dealing with blood poisoning caused in May of 1889 he was in the Papers on more than a dozen times over the previous year and a half, and they certainly didn’t cover every case he handled, he worked closely with Marshal Frey and Capt. Pumphrey While he should have slowed down and taken some rest to recuperate from the surgery he had on his foot, he did not, causing himself to weaken and eventually running his immune system down to where he wouldn’t recover, leading to his death.  I know this is not listed as a Line of Duty Death. But one could argue that the Corn on his foot came from being on his feet all day working cases as a Detective. Then his not stopping to heal brought on the blood poisoning, and further the lack of rest weakened his immune system further exasperating his illness causing his death.

Detective Pontier leaves a widow and two sons, Edward L. And John E. Pontier

While the City and the Department may never list this as a line of duty death, it does not mean as his brothers and sisters we cannot take a minute to remember him, his dedication to duty, and his putting the City and Department ahead of his health. May he rest in peace knowing we care, and that we thank him for his service and sacrifice.

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More Details

NameDescription
End of Watch 3 July 1899
City, St. 1426 North Bond St
Panel Number N/A
Cause of Death      Surgery
District Worked     Detective Department

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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