1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Officer John J. Dailey

Fallen HeroOfficer John J. Dailey 
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On this day in Baltimore Police History 1895, we lost our brother, Police Officer John J. Dailey, to gunfire based on the following:

As the result of arresting three men during a struggle at Charles and Conway Streets, Officer Dailey walked to a local doctor to have first aid applied to what he thought were superficial scrapes. On route, he felt blood trickling down his back and really didn’t pay any attention t it as he continued along his way. While at the doctors, it was discovered that Officer Dailey had been shot in the small of his back, He was advised to go to the hospital. AT this point, he walked back to the station house, where a horse wagon took him to University Hospital. A staff Doctor advised him that his wound was serious and could prove fatal. Officer Dailey felt it was not that serious; he just walked to a doctor, then to the station and then was driven to the Hospital, He insisted on going home. The shooting of officer Dailey occurred on August 26, 1895 and he died of blood poisoning on this day, October 17, 1895.

From the Baltimore Sun, 1895: His Dying Statement

This is a story which the patrolman’s brother and sister told on the witness stand at a Towson Courthouse. The defense tried to have the testimony excluded but failed.

The dying statement of Patrolman John J. Dailey, of Baltimore, to the effect that Roger Dougherty, Patrick Kane, and John Diviney killed him, was admitted as evidence yesterday at a Towson court house where the trial of the three men was continued.

The statement was repeated by the dead man’s brother. William Dailey, who is a member of the Baltimore Fire Department, and by his sister, Mrs. Baunah Frank

Firemen Daily visited the wounded patrolman twice a day while he was at the hospital and three times a day when he was at home. On Wednesday, October 16th, the day before the patrolman died, his brother was with him in the morning when the sick man said he was dying and requested the brother send for a doctor.

Statement to Big Brother

It was testified by firemen daily that he tried to reassure the suffering man but the latter replied, “No Bill, the death pain has struck me; I will not live to see Sunday.” Tell me all about the shooting, then! Said William Dailey. “I was on the east side of Charles street”, said the dying man, according to his brothers testimony, “When the three men came down the street, making a disturbance on the opposite side. I crossed over and warned them to stop. Dougherty called me an Irish ________ and I grabbed him to arrest him. - With that, Kane grabbed my club and struck me over the head, knocking me down. I was trying to get up from my hands and knees when Divinely kicked me. Kane then yelled to Dougherty get his pistol and give it to him. Dougherty took the pistol out of my pocket and shot me in the back”

Corroborated by Ms. Franck

Mrs. Frank was called to the stand and repeated the statement almost word for word as it was given by her brother before Justice Schenkel arrived to take a sworn statement of the dying man. These two witnesses said that the Patrolman became unconscious. The next morning, he died without regaining consciousness.

Trying to Exclude Testimony

While the brother and sister were on the stands, the crowd in the courtroom was still; the jury leaning forward in their seats to catch every word, and the three prisoners showing more interest in the proceeding than they had before expressed in their matter. The testimony on the two witnesses had not admitted until nearly an hour had been consumed in an effort by that prisoners and lawyers to have excluded. William Campbell & Duncan read authorities as to the admission in testimony of dying statements, and they asserted that the charge of Patrolman Dailey was not made when he was in fear of death. Another argument was that he was not responsible for this statement because it was made when his mind was clouded by opiates, which had been administered to relieve the excruciating pain he suffered. The brother’s interest in securing a conviction was also alluded to.

His Mind was Clear

The foundation of the statement had been carefully laid by the authorities for the eight prosecutions: the state’s attorney . Of Baltimore County John Kansan and State’s Attorney for Baltimore City, Duff. Patrolman Dailey's sister and brother were recalled by them to say that his mind was clear and that on the day the statement was made, a dose of opiate mixer had not been given to him until after he had made a declaration as to the guilt of the prisoners and when his pain became so great that he begged for relief.

The Evidence in Admitted

Judge Fowler said that in passing on the objection, we have nothing to do with the general rules but with the value of truth or falsity of this statement. The state has shown that Dailey’s mind was clear and that he believed he was about to die. We can do nothing else but admit the testimony. It is for the jury to determine its value and its truth.

The Patrolman’s widow

The patrolman’s widow, Mrs. Magee Dailey, stated that her husband said on the day before his death that he was dying. She was overcome by grief and left the room, just as she heard him say, “Dougherty did it.”

She also said her husband was a member of Saint Mary Star of the Sea Church, and on the Saturday before his death, he was visited by the pastor of the church, Rev. Weldon, who administered the last rites to him.

Mr. and Mrs. Dailey had been married for 30 years and had four children, of whom the eldest is a 10-year-old boy and the others our girls, the youngest being 18 months old.

As his brothers and sisters of the Baltimore Police Department, we will not let him be forgotten, His service Honored the City of Baltimore and the Baltimore Police Department may he rest in peace, and may God bless him.

More Details

NameDescription
End of Watch 17 October 1895
City, St. Charles and Conway Streets
Panel Number 17-E: 3
Cause of Death Gunfire
Weapon Officer's Handgun
District Worked Southern

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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