1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Robert Carter

Baltimore Police Department
Marshal Robert D Carter

BPD IMG085 crop 72 CarterCourtesy Gary Provenzano

Certificate from the Board of Police Commissioners and signed by Edson M. Schriever President of the BOC
This is the original, it is dated 9 March 1888 the same date Robert D Carter was appointed to the Rank of Sergeant

1894 April, Robert's father Jesse, was visiting from Stems, Granville County, North Carolina, and passed away in his sleep at Robert's house 1650 North Gilmor Street, Baltimore. Dr. George W. Norris was called in and said his death was due to heart disease. Jesse was 73 years old, and was a merchant, in Dry-Goods, he started a store in Littleton and moved to Stems. Robert took Jesse back home to North Carolina.

Working long days most up to 18 hours, showed Robert as a good Policeman, by 1914 August 14, Robert was promoted to "Marshal of Baltimore City Police Department", he skipped the rank of Captain, he was 62 years old.

February 1915, Marshal Carter, made his debut as a public speaker, when he told an audience of students of the "Johns Hopkins Medical School, just what the Police Department of Baltimore City, was doing in the way of seeing that the laws of the city and State are obeyed.

May 27, 1915, there was a 63rd. birthday party held at "Arian's Country Club", Wilkens Avenue Extended. It was expected to be up to 800 citizens of Baltimore who have become acquainted with Marshal Carter. He was given a "14-karat Solid Gold Badge", with 63 diamonds set in platinum. Topping the American Eagle is a One-karat diamond.

In 1917 Marshal Carter was elected to be the National Commander of the Army and the Navy Union, held at the eighteenth biennial encampment at the "Bohemian Hall", on Gay and Preston streets. September 4, 1918, he was made the Chief Marshal of the parade which was headed by a delegation of the "Grand Army of the Republic", and several thousand United Spanish War Veterans who are holding their twentieth encampment in Baltimore.

1920 was a very hard year for Marshal Carter, Dona his wife was very ill, and Robert D. Jr., was ill also, he had tuberculosis. Robert D. Jr. was in a sanatorium in the mountains, Marshal Carter had Mary Gohagen working for him to help take care of Dona and Robert D. Jr.

Marshal Carter, brought Robert D. Jr., home from the sanatorium knowing that he could live only a short time. On December 26, 1920, Robert D. Jr. passed-away at the age of 42, when Dona was told Mrs. Carter she became unconscious. In 1921 August 7, Dona passed-away, this same year Marshal Carter retired from the Baltimore City Police Department on January 20, 1921, he had 36 years and 8 months of service at the age of 68.

Marshal Carter, moved in with his daughter Bessie, and his son-in-law Henry D. Hammond at 604 Hollen Road, Baltimore where he lived until 1936 October 22, when he passed away from pneumonia at the age of 84. The Rev. Bruce H. McDonald, the pastor of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, conducted the service. The Burial was at "Woodlawn Cemetery, Baltimore County, Maryland. With him is wife Dona, son Robert D. Jr., with his wife Effie, and Robert's daughter Bessie Carter Hammond. The Baltimore City Police Department named in his Honor 
the Police Boat "Robert D. Carter" after Marshal Carter.

Marshal Robert D. Carter, was the "Last Marshal of Baltimore City Police Department",  As in 1920, when General Gaither, was made "Commissioner of Police" by the Police Board in late 1920, he started a reorganization of the department, and after Marshal Carter retired Gen. Gaither created the new post of Chief Inspector.

Marshal Carter, with tear-filled eyes, stated he did not expect the recognition given him, as he felt he was appointed to the position of Marshal of Police by the Police Board and not by the citizens of Baltimore, " But I am happy to say", he remarked, "That the Police Department, and every citizen of Baltimore will get the best in me and in the force under me. I feel that Baltimore has the best Police Department in the Country." and he worked to maintain that status during his tenure as Baltimore's Last Marshal.

Marshal Carter, was personally known to Police Chiefs across the country. He was a close personal friend of "William A. Pinkerton", of the Pinkerton Detective Agency and at the time a well noted Private Detective. Robert was also a "Thirty-Second Degree Mason", a "Shriner", and a "Knight Templar".

This information was gathered and compiled by Marshal Carter's Great-Grandnephew Kenneth M. Carter of Mount Airy, Maryland

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Robert d Carter

Baltimore Police Department
Marshal Robert D Carter

Today in Baltimore Police History 14 Aug 1914 we got a new Marshal - Robert D Carter Appointed Marshal - Marshal Carter would remain the department' s Marshal until 1917 when Baltimore Police stopped using Marshals, Making Marshal Carter Baltimore's last Marshal. The Last Marshal of Baltimore

Robert Dudley Carter was born in Gaston/Littleton, Halifax County, North 
Carolina, March 28, 1852. He was the son of Jesse and Sallie Ann Carter "Whitaker". Robert got his middle name after the first elected Governor, "Edward Bishop Dudley" elected by the people of North Carolina 1835.  Robert worked on his family farm and also as a Teamster wagon driver.

In 1869, he came to Baltimore, at 17 years old, Robert enlisted at 67 Thames street Fells Point, Baltimore Maryland, and served in the U.S. Navy for 3 years. He married Dona Burkhart, early in 1875 at the age of 23.

In 1875 Robert had moved to Baltimore for good, that same year Dona gave birth to a daughter, "Bessie May Carter", she was born in Baltimore City, Robert was working in Baltimore as a Teamster with the old-horse car service, after which he was a contracting foreman. In 1878 Dona gave birth to a son "Robert Dudley Carter Jr", he too was born in Baltimore. Robert bought his first house in "1880", at 1650 North Gilmor Street.

1884 May 12, Robert was given the appointment to (Police Officer) and worked in the North West District, Baltimore City, he was 32 years old. He worked hard at being the best, and in 1888 March 9, he was promoted to "Sergeant", and 1892 November 17 he was promoted to "Lieutenant". In this same year Robert D. Jr., and Bessie May, and her husband Henry D. Hammond were all living with Robert and Dona at 1650 North Gilmor street.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222
 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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