1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

What the Law Says About Police Impersonation

What are the Consequences of Impersonating a Police Officer?

Citizens have to put a lot of trust in law enforcement. Police officers are employed to ensure that citizens follow the laws of the state, and as such, wield a great deal of power over everyday people. 

Unfortunately, sometimes wrongdoers attempt to capitalize on this power and abuse it. Impersonating a police officer is illegal in all fifty states, but cases of police impersonation still happen.

What could happen to an individual if they were charged with the crime of impersonating a member of the police force? Read on and we’ll walk you through everything you should be aware of. 

What the Law Says About Police Impersonation

The exact language of the law in each state of the US may vary slightly in terms of how they define the impersonation of a police officer. In a broad sense, however, the laws all work in mostly the same way. 

A ‘police officer’ in the context of this criminal act could be any figure of authority similar to an officer of the law. This includes posing as plainclothes officers of the FBI, DEA, secret service, or some other arm of the law. 

A person can be convicted of this crime if they verbally identify themselves to another person as an officer of the law. False representation as an officer is completely illegal, no matter the context. 

An individual who wears police articles of clothing, including uniforms, IDs, patches, or buttons as a form of impersonation can be convicted of this crime as well. It doesn’t matter whether these items are true portions of an official uniform or simply imitations. It is the intent that matters. 

Similarly, any actions taken to indicate one’s vehicle is a police vehicle are strictly prohibited by law as well. That would include putting any sort of similar light atop a vehicle or to use a siren sound. Using these tools to pull a person over or to force them to yield is considered against the law.

The state of North Carolina also outlines the specific actions that a person might be convicted for ordering people to move from one location to another, detaining individuals, and searching a vehicle or premises while impersonating as a police officer.

What About Costumes?

People often wonder about the legality of dressing up like an officer for entertainment purposes, such as a costume party.

An individual should ensure that their outfit is not authentic enough to have someone truly believe they are an officer. They should also not use their outfit to take advantage of any individual or claim authority. A person should not verbally identify themselves to anyone as a real officer. 

If a person avoids these things, threat of an impersonation charge should be non-existent.

Potential Punishments for Impersonation

In most states including North Carolina, the act of impersonating a police officer is considered a misdemeanor. There are some serious consequences that one might face if they are charged with this misdemeanor crime.

According to the statutes and codes in most states, a person convicted of this sort of crime could spend up to two years behind bars. That’s quite a lengthy amount of time. The individual in question might also have to face a penalty which could be as high as $2,000.

In certain situations, an individual charged will have to do both of these things. In other cases, if a situation was particularly ill-minded, the law might see the case under the guise of a felony charge as opposed to a misdemeanor. 

For example, if any weapons were involved in one’s actions during impersonation, you can expect an upgrade to a felony charge. Felony charges could force someone to spend up to five years behind bars and face even more severe penalty fees.

These penalties can be quite harsh depending on a judge’s verdict. It’s important for a person convicted of this sort of crime to find an attorney to help mitigate potential charges.

In order to better work with an attorney, it can be equally essential to ensure you can pay the bail amount and work freely leading up to your trial date.

Defenses for Police Impersonation

It is important that the citizens of the United States can put trust in the authority of state law enforcement officials. As such, this kind of crime can be taken very seriously. If one hopes to avoid charges, it’s important to have a very good defense prepared.

One element that is strongly considered when determining the severity of charges is the purpose of the person’s impersonation. If a person impersonated an officer with no intent to manipulate or deceive another person, it’s likely that their charges will be fairly lenient.

Those who impersonated an officer in order to abuse, threaten, steal, or take any number of other advantageous actions have a much more difficult legal road ahead of themselves.

Most defenses then usually center around the idea of the individual having a lack of intent to deceive or gain an advantage. It’s important that an individual give themselves time to talk to and properly plan with an attorney before trial so that a good defense can be landed on.

Penalities for Impersonating a Police Officer

No matter where in the U.S. you live, impersonating a police officer is considered a very serious crime. The above information can break down what penalties one might face for this kind of action.

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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